Definition 1. Spice is a substance that can be smelled or tastes flavored by smelling or taste. Spices are an important part of fine chemicals. Fast is also commonly known as large ingredients. 2. Category: It is mainly divided into natural spices and artificial spices. Natural spices can also be divided into animal natural spices and plant natural spices. It is a fragrance -containing substance extracted from the flowers, fruits, leaves, stems, roots, skin or animals of natural plants. Artificial spices can also be divided into single -off spices and synthetic spices. 3. Application of spices: The main purpose is to prepare fragrances. Fragrants are also called blended spices. Plant -based spices are usually used to add meat, which can make the food flavor rich. 4. Very fragrant! rn编辑本段香料的生产rn 1.天然香料的生产：植物性天然香料的生产方法主要有8种1.1蒸馏法—精油1.2萃取法—浸膏，酊剂， Oil Resin, Purding 1.3 Pressing Method-Essential Oil 1.4 Absorption Method — Ocean 1.5 Enzyme Extraction 1.6 Super Critical fluid extraction (SFE) 1.7 Molecular distillation 1.8 Microwave method extraction 2. Single-off spice production 2.1 physical method- -Plebra, frozen analysis, heavy crystallization 2.2 chemical method — borate method, sodium phenol salt method, sodium sodium sulfate bonus mine the history of this paragraph of spices Turning back to the era of the emperor Shennong, 5,000 years ago, it has long been collected by the collection of spices The objects as pharmaceutical supplies to drive out of dirt. At that time, human beings attached great importance to the aroma of plants. When smelling the aroma of flowers in full bloom, they also felt the beauty and aroma of aroma; dedicated the aromas such as flowers, fruits, and resin to God. realm. Therefore, in ancient times, these fragrant substances were used as respect for the gods, sacrifices, pure body and mind, and funeral, and later gradually used in diet, decoration and beauty. In Xia Shang on Wednesday, there are records of Xiangfan Rouge. Zhang Huabao “burned lead tin as powder”, and Chinese ancient and modern note also mentioned “rouge starts from 纣”. Mu Gong’s woman Meiyu has a capacity, and the virtue is a fairy. Xiao Shi is used as a ciless silver as a powder and coating. It is also known as Feiyun Dan. It rises with the end of the flute song. ” After the spring and autumn, Gong Fan Rouge has also been used in folk women. The Afang Palace describes the huge amount of cosmetics consumption of cosmetics, which is amazing. “Qi Min Repeat” has the method of preparation of rouge, flour, orchid paste and abrasive paste. There are thousands of years of history abroad. In 1987, the tomb of Egyptian Emperor Yan Naili was excavated in 3500 BC. It was found that the ointment in the beautiful ointment tank still had aroma, as if it was resin or balm. You can now see at the British Museum or the Cairo Museum in Egypt. Monks may be the main collection, manufacturing and use of spices. When the Egyptians were bathed in 1350 BC, they used sesame oil or balm to believe that it was beneficial to the skin. At that time, it might use Baili fragrance, beef, no medicine, frankincense, etc. At the time, with sesame oil, almond oil, olive oil as the medium. Musk also used very early, about 500 BC. After the seventh century AD, Egyptian culture spread to Greece and Rome, and spices have become the hobbies of valuables, namely the noble class. In order to seek bananas and spices from all over the world, promote ocean navigation, promote the discovery of the New World, and the history of human transportation is great. Contributions. The Bible u003COld Testament> Chapter 30 of Egypt records: “Please use spices, namely Suhexiang, no medicine, maple fragrance, pure milk, and various spices must be the same. …. “The spices mentioned in the article are made of natural substances such as resin, and some of them are still in use. There are also records about making sesame oil in the same chapter. The raw materials used are liquid no medicine, cinnamon, cinnamon and olive oil. With the increase in the demand for spices, grassroots bark is inconvenient to handle and transport, and flowers cannot be supplied in all seasons. Therefore, in the Middle Ages, the Arabs began to operate the spice industry and lift oil from the flowers with a distillation method. The more famous is rose oil and rose water. After the Middle Ages, Asia and Europe had trade, and spices were one of the important items. my country’s spices are also transported to the West with the Silk Road. The oldest perfume in 1370 was “Hungary Water”. This is also the earliest attempt to extract aromatic substances with ethanol. At the beginning, it may only be made from a variety of distillation of rosemary, and then it contains lavender and Ganniu. At this time, the fragrance was a big step forward than the original original natural spice plants. There are already essential oils such as spices, flower aroma, fruits, woody, and other spice plant essential oils, balm, etc. Use, aroma or fragrant rhymes are becoming more complicated. In 1670, Mariel made all the fans, called “La Poudre a La Marechale” for two centuries. This is also regarded as a model of a new fragrance formula. During the 17th century, it was found not only using natural plant essential oil to perfume, but also natural animal spices. The comprehensive aroma of orange blossoms, musk, psychic cat fragrance and violet “. The famous Gulongshui (Eau de Cologne, also known as Cologne) in 1708 came out. Its original purpose was to have toxic and sterilization, but because it has interesting and coordinated citrus aromas and herbs, it Fragrance is quickly and generally used as water -to -water. This kind of fragrance is extremely popular. The popularity of herbs has spread all over the world. It is still popular and has greatly improved and developed. This is indeed an extremely successful fragrance creation. Before the eighteenth century, the perfumers could only get the natural animal and plant spices provided by nature. Although the prepared perfume and fragrance are improved than the original incense, after all, there are certain limitations, so it is called “natural” spices . After entering the nineteenth century, with the rapid development of organic chemistry and synthetic spice industry, many new spices have come out. The imagination of the perfumers is becoming more and more abundant. → Performance faction real faction, it is constantly moving forward, needs to continue to explore and innovate. The earliest manufacturing spices were artificially synthesized in 1834. Soon people discovered that the main ingredients of winter oil were salicylicate. The ingredients of bitter almond oil were benzenedehyde, and these spices were synthesized with chemical methods. In 1868, the aroma ingredients of dried grass were synthesized. In 1893, the aroma ingredients of violets were synthesized. These compounds entered the market as an important synthetic spice. The modern form of perfume has only begun to enter the market after the southern France was founded in the second half of the 19th century. However, perfume was an expensive luxury at that time, which was used only when the upper social women were used to use it. The spice company was supported and protected by the court. Synthetic spice industry, natural spice industry, essential oil industry, combined spice industry, and food and spice industry are called spice industry. The essential oil industry is mainly to treat essential oils taken from plants. The method of oil collection is: water steam distillation method, squeezing method, extraction method, supercritical extraction method, etc. Most essential oils are used directly as spices without treatment, but sometimes they are used to separate the main ingredients in essential oils, and some are mainly used as raw materials for synthetic spices. As the amount of synthetic spices continues to increase, a lot of cheap and can ensure the supply of raw materials. The raw materials used in the synthetic spice industry are mainly lemongrass oil and pine oil in natural essential oils. In terms of chemical products, they are mainly acetracera, acetone, and isoprene. At present, the development of new synthetic spices has also made progress. It is mainly manufactured by oxidation, reduction, contraction, rehabilitation, decomposition, esterization and other chemical reactions. It is not enough to improve the purity when refining spices. It is very important to remove the trace amount of substances contained in it. The spices used in cosmetics are not separate essential oils or synthetic spices, but the bonus spice created by a few and more than hundreds of spices according to the destination fragrance. This industry is called incense. The aroma that conforms to the purpose, like painting, is an artistic creation. Therefore, people who need such a job need to have artistic creativity and artistic appeal. The person who develops perfume formula is called the perfumer. Cultivating perfumers requires years of hard work and training. Only after accumulating considerable experience can they be competent. It is precisely because the spice industry is a very high value -added industry that the consortium has devoted the biggest efforts to the industry. The natural spice in this paragraph is the leaves, stems, stems, dried, bark, flowers, fruits, seeds and roots of aromatic plants, or secretions of secretion of fragrance animal spices , etc. The extraction has a certain volatile and complicated aromatherapy. The method of extraction is: ① water vapor distillation and water distillation method, which are widely used in lifts of leaves, stems, dryness, bark, seeds, and roots, such as mint, cypress, longan, fragrant roots, mountain Cangzi, etc. ② Squeezing and cold grinding methods are mainly used for citrus fruit lifting oil such as sweet orange, lemon, and lemon. Because this method is not heated, the aroma of essential oils is fresh. ③ The solvent immersion method is mainly used for the processing of flowers, aromatic plant resins, and spices. The volatile organic solvents used are petroleum ether, ethanol, acetone, etc., and are selected as different raw materials. The immersion after the flowering of flowers, the substance obtained after removing the solvent is called extract, such as jasmine extract, white orchid extracts, etc.: if it is self -made of resin, it is called flavor resin, such as windproof incense resin, restaurants, and fragrant resin; It is called the spice, which is called oil resin, such as chili oil resin, celery seed oil resin, etc. Due to the more waxy quality and poor dissolving performance, ethanol is commonly used to propose alcohol -soluble fragrance components, filter off the insoluble wax, and finally decompress the ethanol to obtain the oil. The use of liquid butane, carbon dioxide, and supercritical fluid extraction technology to extract natural spices is a newer process. It is currently only used in a few spice plants. Workers’ spices such as musk, ambergris, psychic cat fragrance, and beaver fragrance are often used to make them into a tadpole. Plants containing essential oils are distributed in many subjects, mainly include lip -shaped, peach and golden mother, chrysanthemum family, rutorite, pine family, umbrella family, camphor family, grace family, bean family and Baike, etc. All over the world. For example, Chinese mint, cinnamon, cinnamon, octagonal fennel, mountain Cang seeds, lemongrass, osmanthus and small flower jasmine, white orchids, orchids, etc.; Tanzania’s lilac, cinnamon in Sri Lanka, vanagon in Madagascar, bitter orange leaves in Paraguay, Lavender in France, Roses in Bulgaria, American Risan incense, and citrus in Italy. These spices are internationally famous. There are about 200 to 300 kinds of natural spices in the world, and more than 100 kinds of Chinese produce in China. Among them, small flowers, white orchids, and orchids are unique products in China. In addition, spices produced by biotechnology such as fermentation process, such as butyramine, butyl, and benzenedehyde, have also belonged to natural spices. In recent years, such spices have been valued and developed in edible flavors. The synthetic spices in this paragraph The composite spices, semi -synthetic spices and monocular spices. The synthetic spices are synthesized with chemical raw materials, such as fragrant beanins, benzoxol, and alcoholic camphoring from ethyl acetthrum and acetone synthesis; Separate citizens separated from the mountain seed oil, the cypress brain separated from the cypress oil, etc.; Purpler, pine oil alcohol synthesized from pilon. Most of the separate spices and semi -synthetic spices can also be made by full synthesis, but the quality of aroma is subtle. The production of synthetic spices is not limited by natural conditions, the product quality is stable, the price is cheap, and many products have unique aromas in nature, so it has developed rapidly in the past 20 years. There are three main aspects of the development of synthetic spices: ① synthesis of natural products, such as fragrant leaf glycol (beef beef glycol), irisone, etc.; Oil), etc.; ③ the use of organic chemical raw materials, such as coal coking oil products, petrochemical raw materials, etc. There are no less than 2,000 species of synthetic spices, and the output is different. Synthetic spice classification and structure can be divided into hydrocarbons, halide hydrocarbons, alcohol, phenols, ether, ester, lactat, aldehyde, ketone (ketone), 腈, and rings, etc. The molecular weight of the synthetic spice is between 50 and 300. The larger the molecular weight, the smaller the volatility, and the weakened aroma. The tiny changes of the molecular structure include the different positions of the substituent, geometric heterogeneity, and three-dimensional heterogeneous can cause aroma differences, such as cicada (3-gonoxy-4-hydroxybenzylene) Scent, and its heterogeneous 2-hydroxy-3-nailoxyreytaldehyde has an unpleasant smell of phenol-like; orange flower alcohol and fragrant alcohol are creep geometry. ; Shunzhi rose ether is a three -dimensional heterogeneous body, and the aroma is better. The relationship between the structure and sensory performance of the spice molecule is a subject that spice chemists are actively studying. The production method synthesis method involves many organic reactions, which can be mainly attributed to oxidation, reduction, esterization, replacement, contraction, bonus, circularization, and heterogeneity. As long as there is a small amount of trace impurities in synthetic spices, the overall quality will be destroyed. Therefore, the refining of synthetic spices is a very important problem. The commonly used refined methods are decompression distillation and crystallization. After the production of China’s synthetic spices in the 1950s, it was more concentrated in Shanghai, Tianjin and other places. The main raw materials used in production include lemongrass oil, mountain Cang seed oil, camphor oil, camphor oil, cypress oil, pine oil, staple oil, alcohol oil, aromatics and phenols. There are more than 600 species in size, of which cotton, cotton, benzoxol, jasmine, and artificial sandalwood have already been quite reputable in the international market. Edit this section of fragrance is a harmonious and loved mixture that uses natural and synthetic spices to be arranged with superb perfumes. Supporting raw materials. Although the amount of addition is not large, it is closely related to the quality and grade of fragrant products. Daily cosmetics fragrant fragrance types include flower fragrance type, blue incense type, aldehyde fragrance, plain orchid type, oriental, fruity type, citrus type, animal flavor, woody type, grass aroma, grass incense, grass incense Type and spicy type. In different media, fragrance requires corresponding good adaptability, otherwise it will cause adverse consequences such as deterioration and discoloration. Edible flavors usually have aromas such as different fruits, fragrance, kung fu fragrance, nut aroma, wine aroma, and meat fragrance. It is an important type of food additive, and most of the raw materials used are from natural products. Edible flavors are of great significance to the development of the food industry. The application of this paragraph of spices In order to ensure the safety of use, many countries have regulations or regulations on the existing spices. For example, the Institute of American Fasting, the European International Daily Fast Association specifically formulates the regulations for daily chemical spices; the United States Seasoning and Extraction Manufacturers Association and the European Council are strictly evaluated to the safety of edible spices. Safe spices and their dosage. China ’s National Food Additives Standardization Technology Commission’s spice branch is responsible for the review of safety regulations in this area. Spices are widely used in soap, detergent, various cosmetics (cold cream, snow paste, hair milk, hair wax, shampoo, flower dew and perfume, etc.), skin care products, toothpaste, air cleaner and sterilizer , Candy, biscuits, beverages, tobacco, alcohol, soy milk, dairy products, plant protein foods, as well as fragrance of medicine, paper, plastic, leather, fabric, etc. Large -scale spice companies include American international condiments, Switzerland, Qiwarton, Federal Germany’s Harman -La Mei company, Nalden International Corporation in the Netherlands, and Japan’s high -sand spice industry. The International Sperm Oil Conference is an international professional conference. The activity content involves the agriculture and processing of spice plants, the analysis and utilization of essential oil composition, synthetic spices, and trade. Usually every three years. In 1983, the Chinese representative participated in the ninth meeting held in Singapore for the first time. Edit this paragraph of ancient Chinese spices Shouyang princess plum fragrance [Drug] Agarwood seven two two money, stack incense five or two, chicken tongue fragrance four or two, sandalwood and musk each two , Huoxiang Six Money, Lingling Xiang Four Money, Two Money (Legal), a little arranged. [Preparation] Pin the fine mole, the honey and uniform, the pill is like a bean. [Usage] 爇. Xuanhe Concubine Wang’s Jinxiang [Drugs] Zhenla Agarwood Eighty -two, Sandalwood Two and Two, tooth nitrate, nail incense (system), the amount of amount incense and lilac The white brain is four or two [preparation] on the top, the honey first and the front incense, the back into the brain, musk as a pill, the size is arbitrary, with gold foil as the clothes. [Usage] 爇 爇 [[. The Mrs. Flower Xiangxiang [Drugs] A agarwood and stack fragrances, one or two sandalwood and frankincense, and the alerts and half money (study separately, Xiangcheng spin into), one or two in the fragrance ( System), musk a money (study separately, Xiangcheng spin into). [Preparation] Except for the dragon brain, the same thing is the same as the carbon skin, the same money, mix well with the honey, cook the porcelain box heavy soup, and boil it for ten days. [Usage] As a cake , Tang Kaiyuan Palace [Drug] Agarwood two or two (fine 锉, hanging in the puppet with silk bags, do not make the bottom, honey water, slow fire, slow fire, slow fire, slow heat Cooking for a day), two or two sandalwood (soaked in tea, stir -fry the scent of sandalwood), Trip Security Two (Study), musk two or two, Jiaxiang a money, a vertical nitric one money. [Preparation] The top is fine, refining honey and uniform, removed the moon, and spin into the brain, musk pill. The main account in Jiangnan Li [Drug] Agarwood one or two (锉 炷 炷 炷), Su He seizure oil (hidden in non -Jin porcelain). [Preparation] Putting oil with fragrant oil and soaking for a hundred days. [Usage] 爇. It is better to enter the rose water. The incense in Hanjian Ning Palace [Drugs] Four pounds of yellow mature fragrance, two pounds of Bai Ainzi and Maoxiang, five or two of cloves, Zero incense, Sandalwood, Bai Yan, raw raw, raw raw, raw raw, raw raw There are four or two in the fragrance, two or two fennel, half a catty of Gan pine, one or two (separate), half a catty of jujube (dried). [Preparation] The top is fine, refining honey and uniform, 窨 [[, as pills or cakes. [Usage] 爇. Han Wei Gong Nong Meixiang [Drugs] Black horns sink half two, lilac, one money of the tea, five points of tulips (small, wheat bran fried red), musk the word, fixed powder, fixed powder One meter -grain, white honey a money. [Preparation] Each is the last, the musk first studies, take the last soup of the tea to clarify the musk. The honey order is so thick, and in the sand bottle, the Yueyue remains burned, and it is good for a long time. [Usage] When burning, it is lined with clouds or silver leaves. Forced insect fragrance [Drugs] Mao Xiang is one or five dollars, asarum of one or two dollars, one or two cents for one or two cents, one or two in the mountains, two or five dollars in Sichuan pepper One dollar of six points, three dollars and six cents, and Zugmeng a one -two -seven dollars and three points. [Preparation] Co -research into thick end. Baihe incense [Drugs] Five or two of the scent of Shenshui, Tingzi fragrance, chicken bone fragrance, pocket -louo, and Jiaxiang each two or two, brush -lit, white sandalwood, cooked incense, charcoal, two two each two each two each Two, there are one or two or two of Lingling incense, Huoxiang, Qinggui, Bai Jianxiang, Qingmu Xiang, Gan Songxiang, and half two each of the head incense, Su Hexiang, Anxiang, musk, and Yanxiang. [Preparation] At the end of the twenty flavors, the wine is softened, and then the alcohol is restrained. Put white honey and put it in porcelain. [Usage] Winter moon is available, especially.
Definition
1. Spice is a substance that can be smelled or tastes flavored by smelling or taste. Spices are an important part of fine chemicals. Fast is also commonly known as large ingredients. 2. Category: It is mainly divided into natural spices and artificial spices. Natural spices can also be divided into animal natural spices and plant natural spices. It is a fragrance -containing substance extracted from the flowers, fruits, leaves, stems, roots, skin or animals of natural plants. Artificial spices can also be divided into single -off spices and synthetic spices. 3. Application of spices: The main purpose is to prepare fragrances. Fragrants are also called blended spices. Plant -based spices are usually used to add meat, which can make the food flavor rich. 4. Very fragrant! rn编辑本段香料的生产rn 1.天然香料的生产：植物性天然香料的生产方法主要有8种1.1蒸馏法—精油1.2萃取法—浸膏，酊剂， Oil Resin, Purding 1.3 Pressing Method-Essential Oil 1.4 Absorption Method — Ocean 1.5 Enzyme Extraction 1.6 Super Critical fluid extraction (SFE) 1.7 Molecular distillation 1.8 Microwave method extraction 2. Single-off spice production 2.1 physical method- -Plebra, frozen analysis, heavy crystallization 2.2 chemical method — borate method, sodium phenol salt method, sodium sodium sulfate bonus
mine the history of this paragraph of spices
Turning back to the era of the emperor Shennong, 5,000 years ago, it has long been collected by the collection of spices
The objects as pharmaceutical supplies to drive out of dirt. At that time, human beings attached great importance to the aroma of plants. When smelling the aroma of flowers in full bloom, they also felt the beauty and aroma of aroma; dedicated the aromas such as flowers, fruits, and resin to God. realm. Therefore, in ancient times, these fragrant substances were used as respect for the gods, sacrifices, pure body and mind, and funeral, and later gradually used in diet, decoration and beauty. In Xia Shang on Wednesday, there are records of Xiangfan Rouge. Zhang Huabao “burned lead tin as powder”, and Chinese ancient and modern note also mentioned “rouge starts from 纣”. Mu Gong’s woman Meiyu has a capacity, and the virtue is a fairy. Xiao Shi is used as a ciless silver as a powder and coating. It is also known as Feiyun Dan. It rises with the end of the flute song. ” After the spring and autumn, Gong Fan Rouge has also been used in folk women. The Afang Palace describes the huge amount of cosmetics consumption of cosmetics, which is amazing. “Qi Min Repeat” has the method of preparation of rouge, flour, orchid paste and abrasive paste. There are thousands of years of history abroad. In 1987, the tomb of Egyptian Emperor Yan Naili was excavated in 3500 BC. It was found that the ointment in the beautiful ointment tank still had aroma, as if it was resin or balm. You can now see at the British Museum or the Cairo Museum in Egypt. Monks may be the main collection, manufacturing and use of spices. When the Egyptians were bathed in 1350 BC, they used sesame oil or balm to believe that it was beneficial to the skin. At that time, it might use Baili fragrance, beef, no medicine, frankincense, etc. At the time, with sesame oil, almond oil, olive oil as the medium. Musk also used very early, about 500 BC. After the seventh century AD, Egyptian culture spread to Greece and Rome, and spices have become the hobbies of valuables, namely the noble class. In order to seek bananas and spices from all over the world, promote ocean navigation, promote the discovery of the New World, and the history of human transportation is great. Contributions. The Bible u003COld Testament> Chapter 30 of Egypt records: “Please use spices, namely Suhexiang, no medicine, maple fragrance, pure milk, and various spices must be the same. …. “The spices mentioned in the article are made of natural substances such as resin, and some of them are still in use. There are also records about making sesame oil in the same chapter. The raw materials used are liquid no medicine, cinnamon, cinnamon and olive oil. With the increase in the demand for spices, grassroots bark is inconvenient to handle and transport, and flowers cannot be supplied in all seasons. Therefore, in the Middle Ages, the Arabs began to operate the spice industry and lift oil from the flowers with a distillation method. The more famous is rose oil and rose water. After the Middle Ages, Asia and Europe had trade, and spices were one of the important items. my country’s spices are also transported to the West with the Silk Road. The oldest perfume in 1370 was “Hungary Water”. This is also the earliest attempt to extract aromatic substances with ethanol. At the beginning, it may only be made from a variety of distillation of rosemary, and then it contains lavender and Ganniu. At this time, the fragrance was a big step forward than the original original natural spice plants. There are already essential oils such as spices, flower aroma, fruits, woody, and other spice plant essential oils, balm, etc. Use, aroma or fragrant rhymes are becoming more complicated. In 1670, Mariel made all the fans, called “La Poudre a La Marechale” for two centuries. This is also regarded as a model of a new fragrance formula. During the 17th century, it was found not only using natural plant essential oil to perfume, but also natural animal spices. The comprehensive aroma of orange blossoms, musk, psychic cat fragrance and violet “. The famous Gulongshui (Eau de Cologne, also known as Cologne) in 1708 came out. Its original purpose was to have toxic and sterilization, but because it has interesting and coordinated citrus aromas and herbs, it Fragrance is quickly and generally used as water -to -water. This kind of fragrance is extremely popular. The popularity of herbs has spread all over the world. It is still popular and has greatly improved and developed. This is indeed an extremely successful fragrance creation. Before the eighteenth century, the perfumers could only get the natural animal and plant spices provided by nature. Although the prepared perfume and fragrance are improved than the original incense, after all, there are certain limitations, so it is called “natural” spices
. After entering the nineteenth century, with the rapid development of organic chemistry and synthetic spice industry, many new spices have come out. The imagination of the perfumers is becoming more and more abundant. → Performance faction real faction, it is constantly moving forward, needs to continue to explore and innovate. The earliest manufacturing spices were artificially synthesized in 1834. Soon people discovered that the main ingredients of winter oil were salicylicate. The ingredients of bitter almond oil were benzenedehyde, and these spices were synthesized with chemical methods. In 1868, the aroma ingredients of dried grass were synthesized. In 1893, the aroma ingredients of violets were synthesized. These compounds entered the market as an important synthetic spice. The modern form of perfume has only begun to enter the market after the southern France was founded in the second half of the 19th century. However, perfume was an expensive luxury at that time, which was used only when the upper social women were used to use it. The spice company was supported and protected by the court. Synthetic spice industry, natural spice industry, essential oil industry, combined spice industry, and food and spice industry are called spice industry. The essential oil industry is mainly to treat essential oils taken from plants. The method of oil collection is: water steam distillation method, squeezing method, extraction method, supercritical extraction method, etc. Most essential oils are used directly as spices without treatment, but sometimes they are used to separate the main ingredients in essential oils, and some are mainly used as raw materials for synthetic spices. As the amount of synthetic spices continues to increase, a lot of cheap and can ensure the supply of raw materials. The raw materials used in the synthetic spice industry are mainly lemongrass oil and pine oil in natural essential oils. In terms of chemical products, they are mainly acetracera, acetone, and isoprene. At present, the development of new synthetic spices has also made progress. It is mainly manufactured by oxidation, reduction, contraction, rehabilitation, decomposition, esterization and other chemical reactions. It is not enough to improve the purity when refining spices. It is very important to remove the trace amount of substances contained in it. The spices used in cosmetics are not separate essential oils or synthetic spices, but the bonus spice created by a few and more than hundreds of spices according to the destination fragrance. This industry is called incense. The aroma that conforms to the purpose, like painting, is an artistic creation. Therefore, people who need such a job need to have artistic creativity and artistic appeal. The person who develops perfume formula is called the perfumer. Cultivating perfumers requires years of hard work and training. Only after accumulating considerable experience can they be competent. It is precisely because the spice industry is a very high value -added industry that the consortium has devoted the biggest efforts to the industry.
The natural spice in this paragraph
is the leaves, stems, stems, dried, bark, flowers, fruits, seeds and roots of aromatic plants, or secretions of secretion of fragrance animal spices
, etc. The extraction has a certain volatile and complicated aromatherapy. The method of extraction is: ① water vapor distillation and water distillation method, which are widely used in lifts of leaves, stems, dryness, bark, seeds, and roots, such as mint, cypress, longan, fragrant roots, mountain Cangzi, etc. ② Squeezing and cold grinding methods are mainly used for citrus fruit lifting oil such as sweet orange, lemon, and lemon. Because this method is not heated, the aroma of essential oils is fresh. ③ The solvent immersion method is mainly used for the processing of flowers, aromatic plant resins, and spices. The volatile organic solvents used are petroleum ether, ethanol, acetone, etc., and are selected as different raw materials. The immersion after the flowering of flowers, the substance obtained after removing the solvent is called extract, such as jasmine extract, white orchid extracts, etc.: if it is self -made of resin, it is called flavor resin, such as windproof incense resin, restaurants, and fragrant resin; It is called the spice, which is called oil resin, such as chili oil resin, celery seed oil resin, etc. Due to the more waxy quality and poor dissolving performance, ethanol is commonly used to propose alcohol -soluble fragrance components, filter off the insoluble wax, and finally decompress the ethanol to obtain the oil. The use of liquid butane, carbon dioxide, and supercritical fluid extraction technology to extract natural spices is a newer process. It is currently only used in a few spice plants. Workers’ spices such as musk, ambergris, psychic cat fragrance, and beaver fragrance are often used to make them into a tadpole. Plants containing essential oils are distributed in many subjects, mainly include lip -shaped, peach and golden mother, chrysanthemum family, rutorite, pine family, umbrella family, camphor family, grace family, bean family and Baike, etc. All over the world. For example, Chinese mint, cinnamon, cinnamon, octagonal fennel, mountain Cang seeds, lemongrass, osmanthus and small flower jasmine, white orchids, orchids, etc.; Tanzania’s lilac, cinnamon in Sri Lanka, vanagon in Madagascar, bitter orange leaves in Paraguay, Lavender in France, Roses in Bulgaria, American Risan incense, and citrus in Italy. These spices are internationally famous. There are about 200 to 300 kinds of natural spices in the world, and more than 100 kinds of Chinese produce in China. Among them, small flowers, white orchids, and orchids are unique products in China. In addition, spices produced by biotechnology such as fermentation process, such as butyramine, butyl, and benzenedehyde, have also belonged to natural spices. In recent years, such spices have been valued and developed in edible flavors.
The synthetic spices in this paragraph
The composite spices, semi -synthetic spices and monocular spices. The synthetic spices are synthesized with chemical raw materials, such as fragrant beanins, benzoxol, and alcoholic camphoring from ethyl acetthrum and acetone synthesis; Separate citizens separated from the mountain seed oil, the cypress brain separated from the cypress oil, etc.; Purpler, pine oil alcohol synthesized from pilon. Most of the separate spices and semi -synthetic spices can also be made by full synthesis, but the quality of aroma is subtle. The production of synthetic spices is not limited by natural conditions, the product quality is stable, the price is cheap, and many products have unique aromas in nature, so it has developed rapidly in the past 20 years. There are three main aspects of the development of synthetic spices: ① synthesis of natural products, such as fragrant leaf glycol (beef beef glycol), irisone, etc.; Oil), etc.; ③ the use of organic chemical raw materials, such as coal coking oil products, petrochemical raw materials, etc. There are no less than 2,000 species of synthetic spices, and the output is different. Synthetic spice classification and structure can be divided into hydrocarbons, halide hydrocarbons, alcohol, phenols, ether, ester, lactat, aldehyde, ketone (ketone), 腈, and rings, etc. The molecular weight of the synthetic spice is between 50 and 300. The larger the molecular weight, the smaller the volatility, and the weakened aroma. The tiny changes of the molecular structure include the different positions of the substituent, geometric heterogeneity, and three-dimensional heterogeneous can cause aroma differences, such as cicada (3-gonoxy-4-hydroxybenzylene) Scent, and its heterogeneous 2-hydroxy-3-nailoxyreytaldehyde has an unpleasant smell of phenol-like; orange flower alcohol and fragrant alcohol are creep geometry. ; Shunzhi rose ether is a three -dimensional heterogeneous body, and the aroma is better. The relationship between the structure and sensory performance of the spice molecule is a subject that spice chemists are actively studying. The production method synthesis method involves many organic reactions, which can be mainly attributed to oxidation, reduction, esterization, replacement, contraction, bonus, circularization, and heterogeneity. As long as there is a small amount of trace impurities in synthetic spices, the overall quality will be destroyed. Therefore, the refining of synthetic spices is a very important problem. The commonly used refined methods are decompression distillation and crystallization. After the production of China’s synthetic spices in the 1950s, it was more concentrated in Shanghai, Tianjin and other places. The main raw materials used in production include lemongrass oil, mountain Cang seed oil, camphor oil, camphor oil, cypress oil, pine oil, staple oil, alcohol oil, aromatics and phenols. There are more than 600 species in size, of which cotton, cotton, benzoxol, jasmine, and artificial sandalwood have already been quite reputable in the international market.
Edit this section of fragrance
is a harmonious and loved mixture that uses natural and synthetic spices to be arranged with superb perfumes. Supporting raw materials. Although the amount of addition is not large, it is closely related to the quality and grade of fragrant products. Daily cosmetics fragrant fragrance types include flower fragrance type, blue incense type, aldehyde fragrance, plain orchid type, oriental, fruity type, citrus type, animal flavor, woody type, grass aroma, grass incense, grass incense Type and spicy type. In different media, fragrance requires corresponding good adaptability, otherwise it will cause adverse consequences such as deterioration and discoloration. Edible flavors usually have aromas such as different fruits, fragrance, kung fu fragrance, nut aroma, wine aroma, and meat fragrance. It is an important type of food additive, and most of the raw materials used are from natural products. Edible flavors are of great significance to the development of the food industry.
The application of this paragraph of spices
In order to ensure the safety of use, many countries have regulations or regulations on the existing spices. For example, the Institute of American Fasting, the European International Daily Fast Association specifically formulates the regulations for daily chemical spices; the United States Seasoning and Extraction Manufacturers Association and the European Council are strictly evaluated to the safety of edible spices. Safe spices and their dosage. China ’s National Food Additives Standardization Technology Commission’s spice branch is responsible for the review of safety regulations in this area. Spices are widely used in soap, detergent, various cosmetics (cold cream, snow paste, hair milk, hair wax, shampoo, flower dew and perfume, etc.), skin care products, toothpaste, air cleaner and sterilizer , Candy, biscuits, beverages, tobacco, alcohol, soy milk, dairy products, plant protein foods, as well as fragrance of medicine, paper, plastic, leather, fabric, etc. Large -scale spice companies include American international condiments, Switzerland, Qiwarton, Federal Germany’s Harman -La Mei company, Nalden International Corporation in the Netherlands, and Japan’s high -sand spice industry. The International Sperm Oil Conference is an international professional conference. The activity content involves the agriculture and processing of spice plants, the analysis and utilization of essential oil composition, synthetic spices, and trade. Usually every three years. In 1983, the Chinese representative participated in the ninth meeting held in Singapore for the first time.
Edit this paragraph of ancient Chinese spices
Shouyang princess plum fragrance
[Drug] Agarwood seven two two money, stack incense five or two, chicken tongue fragrance four or two, sandalwood and musk each two , Huoxiang Six Money, Lingling Xiang Four Money, Two Money (Legal), a little arranged. [Preparation] Pin the fine mole, the honey and uniform, the pill is like a bean. [Usage] 爇.
Xuanhe Concubine Wang’s Jinxiang
[Drugs] Zhenla Agarwood Eighty -two, Sandalwood Two and Two, tooth nitrate, nail incense (system), the amount of amount incense and lilac The white brain is four or two [preparation] on the top, the honey first and the front incense, the back into the brain, musk as a pill, the size is arbitrary, with gold foil as the clothes. [Usage] 爇 爇 [[.
The Mrs. Flower Xiangxiang
[Drugs] A agarwood and stack fragrances, one or two sandalwood and frankincense, and the alerts and half money (study separately, Xiangcheng spin into), one or two in the fragrance ( System), musk a money (study separately, Xiangcheng spin into). [Preparation] Except for the dragon brain, the same thing is the same as the carbon skin, the same money, mix well with the honey, cook the porcelain box heavy soup, and boil it for ten days. [Usage] As a cake
, Tang Kaiyuan Palace
[Drug] Agarwood two or two (fine 锉, hanging in the puppet with silk bags, do not make the bottom, honey water, slow fire, slow fire, slow fire, slow heat Cooking for a day), two or two sandalwood (soaked in tea, stir -fry the scent of sandalwood), Trip Security Two (Study), musk two or two, Jiaxiang a money, a vertical nitric one money. [Preparation] The top is fine, refining honey and uniform, removed the moon, and spin into the brain, musk pill.
The main account in Jiangnan Li
[Drug] Agarwood one or two (锉 炷 炷 炷), Su He seizure oil (hidden in non -Jin porcelain). [Preparation] Putting oil with fragrant oil and soaking for a hundred days. [Usage] 爇. It is better to enter the rose water.
The incense in Hanjian Ning Palace
[Drugs] Four pounds of yellow mature fragrance, two pounds of Bai Ainzi and Maoxiang, five or two of cloves, Zero incense, Sandalwood, Bai Yan, raw raw, raw raw, raw raw, raw raw There are four or two in the fragrance, two or two fennel, half a catty of Gan pine, one or two (separate), half a catty of jujube (dried). [Preparation] The top is fine, refining honey and uniform, 窨 [[, as pills or cakes. [Usage] 爇.
Han Wei Gong Nong Meixiang
[Drugs] Black horns sink half two, lilac, one money of the tea, five points of tulips (small, wheat bran fried red), musk the word, fixed powder, fixed powder One meter -grain, white honey a money. [Preparation] Each is the last, the musk first studies, take the last soup of the tea to clarify the musk. The honey order is so thick, and in the sand bottle, the Yueyue remains burned, and it is good for a long time. [Usage] When burning, it is lined with clouds or silver leaves.
Forced insect fragrance
[Drugs] Mao Xiang is one or five dollars, asarum of one or two dollars, one or two cents for one or two cents, one or two in the mountains, two or five dollars in Sichuan pepper One dollar of six points, three dollars and six cents, and Zugmeng a one -two -seven dollars and three points. [Preparation] Co -research into thick end.
Baihe incense
[Drugs] Five or two of the scent of Shenshui, Tingzi fragrance, chicken bone fragrance, pocket -louo, and Jiaxiang each two or two, brush -lit, white sandalwood, cooked incense, charcoal, two two each two each two each Two, there are one or two or two of Lingling incense, Huoxiang, Qinggui, Bai Jianxiang, Qingmu Xiang, Gan Songxiang, and half two each of the head incense, Su Hexiang, Anxiang, musk, and Yanxiang. [Preparation] At the end of the twenty flavors, the wine is softened, and then the alcohol is restrained. Put white honey and put it in porcelain. [Usage] Winter moon is available, especially.